Hordhac:
Nelson Mandela, oo caan ku ahaa hoggaaminta dagaalka lagula jiro midab-takoorka Koonfur Afrika, ayaa ahaa madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee qaranka, oo lagu doorto doorasho dimuqraadi ah oo dhammaystiran. Madaxtinimadiisu waxay ujeedadeedu ahayd in la burburiyo dhaxalka midab-takoorka, la dagaalanka cunsuriyadda, iyo kobcinta dib-u-heshiisiinta jinsiyadeed.
Waddadii Mandela u maray hoggaaminta waxa lagu asteeyay dhibaato. Ka dib markii marar badan la xiray oo uu si sharci darro ah uga tagay Koonfur Afrika, waxaa lagu xukumay xabsi daa'in 1964-kii oo lagu helay dambiyo qaran dumis ah, isagoo 27 sano ku qaatay xabsiyo kala duwan. La sii daayay 1990kii iyada oo ay jirto cadaadis isa soo taraya iyo cabsi laga qabo iskahorimaadyada jinsiyadeed, adkaysiga Mandela ayaa ahaa mid aan leexleexad lahayn.
Mandela waxa uu mar yidhi akhrisku waxa uu inoo ogolaanayaa in aynu sahanno aduunka oo aynu fahano aragtiyo kala duwan, falsafadaas oo sii adkaysay sannadihii uu xabsiga ku jiray, si weyna u qaabaysay hab nololeedkiisa iyo xoriyada.
Nelson Mandela waxa uu u taagan yahay sidii qof dhiirigelinaya nabadda iyo adkaysiga; sheekadiisu way sii socotaa in uu noo sheego, inagu wargeliyo oo uu maanta na baro. Balooggan, waxaan ku iftiiminaynaa 10 buug oo siinaya sawir dhammaystiran oo ku saabsan safarka cajiibka ah ee Mandela.
1-"Long Walk to Freedom" by Nelson Mandela
Taariikh nololeedkii Mandela waxa uu si toos ah uga warramayaa noloshiisa, laga soo bilaabo yaraantiisii oo uu ku sugnaa tuulada Qunu ee miyiga ah ilaa uu ku xidhnaa jasiiradda Robben iyo, ugu dambayntii, madaxnimadiisii. Sheekadu waa sahan dareen leh oo ku saabsan adkaysiga Mandela iyo halganka ballaadhan ee lagaga soo horjeedo midab-takoorka.
2-"Mandela: The Authorized Biography" by Anthony Sampson
Anthony Sampson, oo ah saxafi iyo qoraa caan ah, waxa uu bixiyaa taariikh nololeed la idman oo si qoto dheer u eegaysa nolosha shakhsi ahaaneed iyo siyaasadeed ee Mandela. Habka dhammaystiran ee Sampson wuxuu siinayaa akhristayaasha faham qotodheer oo ku saabsan dabeecadda Mandela, dhiirigelinta, iyo muuqaalka siyaasadeed ee adag ee Koonfur Afrika.
3-"Conversations with Myself" by Nelson Mandela
Isku-dubbaridan gaarka ah waxay u oggolaanaysaa akhristayaasha inay milicsadaan fikradaha gudaha ee Mandela iyagoo isticmaalaya xarfo, waraysiyo, iyo qoraallo shakhsiyeed. Buuggu waxa uu bixiyaa aragti naadir ah oo dhow oo ku saabsan milicsiga Mandela, halgankiisii, iyo korriintiisii sannadihii la soo dhaafay.
4-"Mandela's Way: Lessons on Life, Love, and Courage" by Richard Stengel
Buugan oo uu qoray Richard Stengel oo la shaqayn jiray Mandela, waxa uu meesha ka saaray xikmaddii iyo mabaadiidii lagu hagayay nolosha Mandela. Stengel waxa uu sahaminayaa hannaankii hoggaamineed ee Mandela, isaga oo xoogga saaraya casharrada muhiimka ah ee adkeysiga, cafiska, iyo raadinta caddaaladda.
5-"Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation" by John Carlin
Buugan oo diiradda saaraya Koobkii Adduunka ee Rugby-ga 1995-kii, buugani waxa uu ka warramayaa sheeko soo jiidasho leh oo ku saabsan sida Mandela uu ciyaaraha, gaar ahaan rugby-ga u adeegsaday midaynta ummad kala qaybsantay. John Carlin waxa uu sahamiyey istiraatijiyadda uu Mandela u isticmaalay ciyaarta oo ah qalab dib-u-heshiisiin iyo qaran dhis ah.
6-"The Struggle is My Life" by Nelson Mandela
Isku soo wada duuboo khudbadihii iyo qoraaladii Mandela, buugani waxa uu soo bandhigayaa dulmar guud oo ku saabsan caqiidadiisa iyo sida ay uga go'an tahay cadaaladda. Akhristayaasheena waxay ogaadaan falsafada Mandela iyo kobcinta fikirkiisa siyaasadeed ee muddada uu socday halgankii midab-takoorka.
7-"Mandela: A Critical Life" by Tom Lodge
Taariikh-nololeedkii Tom Lodge ee muhiimka ahaa waxa uu si qoto-dheer u falanqeynayaa nolosha Mandela oo ku dhex jirta xaaladda siyaasadeed iyo bulsho ee Koonfur Afrika. Buuggu waxa uu eegayaa doorkii Mandela ee qaabaynta masiirka ummadda iyo caqabadihii uu kala kulmay sidii uu dalka ugu jihayn lahaa dimuqraadiyadda.
8-"The Prison Letters of Nelson Mandela" edited by Sahm Venter
Warqadihii xabsiga ee Mandela oo la ururiyay 27-kii sano ee uu xabsiga ku jiray, buugani waxa uu soo bandhigay muuqaal dareen leh oo ku saabsan maskaxda hoggaamiyaha wajahaya dhibka. Waxa tafatiray Sahm Venter, warqaduhu waxay daaha ka rogayaan adkaysiga Mandela, qoto dheeraanta garaadka, iyo sida ay uga go'an tahay caddaaladda.
9-"Nelson Mandela: A Life in Photographs" by David Elliot Cohen and John D. Battersby
Buuggaan muuqaal ahaan la yaabka leh ayaa nolosha Mandela kusoo bandhigaya sawiro la uruuriyay oo qaadaya waqtiyo muhiim ah oo ku saabsan safarkiisa shaqsi iyo midka siyaasadeed. Sawiradu waxay bixiyaan kaabis xoog leh oo loogu talagalay xisaabaadka qoran, taasoo u oggolaanaysa akhristayaasha inay ku xidhmaan heer muuqasho badan sheekada Mandela.
10-"Mandela's Kinsmen: Nationalist Elites and Apartheid's First Bantustan" by Timothy Gibbs
Shaqada aqooneed ee Timothy Gibbs waxay sahamisaa sooyaalka taariikheed ee midab-takoorka iyo aasaaskii Bantustans. Marka la eego dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadeed ee qaabeeyey sannadihii hore ee Mandela, buuggu waxa uu bixiyaa macno qiimo leh oo lagu fahmi karo xididdada halgankii ka soo horjeeday midab-takoorka.
